Paleontologists may soon have a powerful new ally in their quest to uncover dinosaur fossils: orange-colored lichens. New research reveals that these miniature ecosystems thrive on exposed fossilized bone, and can be detected from the air using drone technology, potentially revolutionizing fossil discovery.
Lichens: A Symbiotic Partnership
Lichens are fascinating organisms formed through a partnership between fungi and algae (or cyanobacteria). These unique collaborations are incredibly resilient and can colonize a wide range of surfaces, including — surprisingly — ancient dinosaur bones.
The Link Between Lichens and Fossils
The research, published this week in Current Biology, demonstrates that two specific lichen species, Rusavskia elegans and Xanthomendoza trachyphylla, significantly prefer to grow on fossilized dinosaur bones. Researchers found these lichens colonized as much as 50% of exposed fossil bones, but less than 1% of surrounding rock fragments. This preference is likely due to the alkaline, calcareous, and porous nature of fossilized bone, which provides an ideal substrate for these lichens to flourish.
Remote Sensing: Detecting Lichens from Above
The real breakthrough lies in the ability to detect these lichens using drone technology. By analyzing aerial images with high resolution (2.5 cm pixels), the research team identified lichen-colonized fossils from above. Lichens display unique spectral properties : they reflect less light in the blue wavelengths and more in the infrared region, allowing them to be distinguished from surrounding rock.
A Game Changer for Paleontological Prospecting
This innovative approach offers several advantages for paleontologists:
- Accelerated Discovery: Drones can quickly survey large areas, dramatically speeding up the search for fossils.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Remote sensing reduces the need for extensive and expensive ground surveys.
- Reduced Environmental Impact: Drone-based prospecting minimizes disturbance to fragile ecosystems.
A Prediction Realized
The idea of using satellites to detect lichen-covered fossils dates back decades. In 1980, paleontologist Darren H. Tanke speculated that the orange pigmentation of lichens growing on Centrosaurus bones might be detectable from space. This new drone study validates that vision and offers a significantly more accessible and precise means of detection.
The Future of Dinosaur Discovery
“This drone study lays the groundwork for mapping much larger areas using aircraft and satellites,” said Dr. Derek Peddle, a researcher at the University of Lethbridge. “The new lichen indicators we’ve developed will help us find fossils across vast landscapes.”
This research combines advanced imaging technology with international expertise, promising to accelerate dinosaur discovery through remote sensing of lichens and opening new avenues for paleontological exploration.
The study, led by Dr. Brian Pickles, provides a powerful new tool for locating fossils, potentially transforming the field of paleontology
